![]() ![]() Take a Nap, Protect Your Heart? people who took naps at least three times a week for average of at least 30 minutes were 37% less likely to die of heart disease than people who did not take regular naps Large Greek Study Suggests Midday Siestas Cut Heart Deaths Naps aren’t generally included in the litany of good-for-your-heart lifestyle choices recommended for lowering cardiovascular risk, but they may soon be. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. PTE preparation material 3- Cause and effect idea Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence (5-75 words). Answerĭespite the misconception that was initially put forth by Charles Darwin that highlighted the importance of singing in male birds for courtship purposes, a team of researchers from University of Antwerp discovered that most of the females in family trees for songbirds actually sang songs possibly to attract mates or defend their territories. They suggest these ancient females may have been using their songs to deter other females from their territories, to coordinate breeding activities with males, or possibly to attract mates. After carefully tracing back an evolutionary family tree for their songbirds, Garamszegi’s team discovered that, in at least two bird families, singing evolved in females first. “He emphasized the importance of male sexual display, and this is what everyone has been looking at.” The findings go beyond modern species. Garamszegi blames Charles Darwin for the oversight. Females that sing have been overlooked, the team say, because either their songs are quiet, they are mistaken for males from their similar plumage or they live in less well-studied areas such as the tropics (Behavioral Ecology, DOI: 10.1093/arlo47). In only eight species could the team conclude that females did not sing. Of the 109 for which information on females was available, they found evidence for singing in 101 species. Laszlo Garamszegi of the University of Antwerp, Belgium, and colleagues studied the literature on 233 European songbird species. This has been the established, even cherished view of courtship in birds, but now some ornithologists are changing tune. Males do the singing and females do the listening. ![]() Online PTE materials 2- The opposite central idea Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence (5-75 words). AnswerĬocoa was used by the Aztec people in different ways such as a drink, a form of money for tax collection, a sun protective lotion, a religious commodity and a symbol of bringing wisdom upon the receiver. Aztecs believed that drinking chocolate gave mortals some of Quetzalcoatl’s (God of earning and of the wind) wisdom. During marriage ceremonies, the couple drank a symbolic cup of chocolate and exchanged cocoa beans. ![]() Cocoa beans were given to priest’s assistants at children’s coming of age ceremonies. Human sacrifices to propitiate God or sun were first sanctified by giving him chocolate. Cocoa was believed to be of divine origin: the cocoa tree was a bridge between earth and heaven. For the Aztecs cocoa had a religious significance. The oily layer floating in the chocolate drink (cocoa butter was used to protect the skin against the sun. Cocoa beans were also used as a currency and as a tribute (tax) from peoples ruled by Aztecs. Vanilla and/or chili were also used as an ingredient in the drinks. Both the Maya and the Aztec secular drinks used roasted cocoa beans, a foaming agent (sugar), toasted corn and water. The beans themselves were used to make hot or cold chocolate drinks. Wines and drinks were made from white pulp around the seeds of the cocoa pod. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.ĭuring the time of the Aztecs, cocoa was mainly used as a beverage. ![]() 1- The same central idea Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence (5-75 words). The following passages exemplify each of the main ideas enumerated above. Based on the text type, you can express your response in one of the following structures: SAME, OPPOSITE or CAUSE & EFFECT. The central idea in these texts can be broadly divided into three groups. ![]()
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